United states is a good example of a working state with tons of diversity but performing well as a nation. The reasons why different ethnicity, religions and color of skins does not hinder nation making of USA is due to the state providing most of the citizens needs.
Question on hand is why Pakistan has not overcome the factors of ethnic and religious boundaries to make a nation?
Pakistan inherited its system from British raj's era which subjugated its citizens. It was highly undesirable. Some members of indian civil service opted to join Pakistan, the new born state. With this they took the system as well. Same ICS enabled British to consolidate power in India for more than century. Chaudhry Muhammad ali (one of Pakistan's earliest PMs) and Ghulam Muhammad (third gov general of pakistan) came from accounts. Iskander mirza came from Indian political service. The hold of bureaucracy was strong due to the weakness of political system in Pakistan while neighboring India had strong political system due to which politicians were in full control. Bureaucracy weathered many storms in inception years of Pakistan.
In 1958 General Ayub injected military in administration and this civil-military combination took forward the country through next decade until Zulfiqar ali bhutto, a young promising politician amid some flaws burst on the scene. He failed and ultimately Zia took the reins of power and from there on until 30 years the country revolved around civil and military rules. In 2007, Pakistan version of Arab spring kick-started 4 years prior to real Arab spring of 2011. That enabled democracy to return. Now country is trying to make inclusive political order representative of all regions. This is the need of the hour which will bring us closer to the goal of becoming a nation and fulfilling its needs and requirements.
Source : http://tribune.com.pk/story/1175959/pakistani-state-70th-year/
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